AlphaFold2, released by DeepMind in 2020 and made freely available in July 2021, uses deep learning + DNA sequence alignment to predict a protein’s 3D structure at near-experimental accuracy, and generalizes well out-of-sample. This solves a 50-year-old open problem in structural biology and won 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. MOREOVER, DeepMind ran AlphaFold2 on essentially every known protein and release a free database lookup. Though note its key limitations are: AlphaFold predicts a single static “default” conformation and misses the flexibility, ligand-bound states, and allosteric changes that matter most for drug design; ~10% of high-confidence residues are still meaningfully misplaced; and it is pattern recognition over evolutionary data, not a physics-based simulation. ...

Professor Richard Holden from UNSW Sydney came to our theory seminar to give a talk about his paper [“Getting the Picture”](https://economics.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/users/user337/Holden Getting the Picture.pdf). The paper’s idea of modeling an individual who has limited working memory originates from cognitive science. But gives a strong computer science flavor. Here’s my notes from student coffee seminar. We think there are certain computer science work can be done for it: Model Definitions Input: $P \in \mathcal P \subseteq \Omega^{MN}$ ...

Professor Ozlem Ergun (Northeastern University) gave a talk at Booth’s OM seminar titled Enhancing the Effectiveness of Humanitarian Services Through Data-Driven Optimization. I found a similar YouTube recording online: The slide at 7:47 (shown below) gives a useful overview of the global food aid supply chain: All rights belong to Professor Ergun and her coauthor — I don’t own copyright. Though I like this picture very much. ...

听风听雨过清明 (Hearing the wind and rain during Qingming) 吴文英《风入松·听风听雨过清明》 It’s Qingming today (and Easter!). Qingming aka tomb sweeping day is a traditional holiday that honors our family ancestors that passed away. As it evolves, it has also gradually becoming a mark for prime spring — an honorary of the season’s booming spirits. Somewhat interestingly, ballet companies China would program Giselle for Qingming festival every year. Excellent timing… This is just a tiny though quite modern and interesting example to see how culture learn from each other. ...

My pianist Isaac Cohen and I recently performed the Prokofiev Flute Sonata at the First Unitarian Church of Chicago. The church has a generous, echoing acoustic. It is beautiful to listen to, though not always the easiest space in which to play—particularly for the flute. To project into the space you must give the instrument a great deal of breath. Prokofiev was famously dry, terse, allergic to sentimentality. He probably just wrote this sonata because the flute is an underrated instrument and he wanted to do something about that — thus a piece that is so technically demanding and classic Prokofiev — precussive piano lines, mysteriously beautiful chord progressions, and crazy scales up and down as if flutes don't need to breathe. I think I played reasonably well. Yet after the performance I felt terrible. In my memory the piece seemed full of mistakes—slips, cracks, moments where the line did not quite bloom the way I imagined it. ...

Today, Alex Tamkin from Anthropic comes over to Booth to talk about Anthropic’s Economic Index. The Booth lecture room is overflowed with enthusiastic audience: The accompany report covers a lot of insights. What I found interesting: Learing-by-doing: skill in collaborating with AI is itself a learnable competency. Users who have been on Claude for 6+ months have a ~4 percentage point higher success rate in their conversations, and this holds up even after controlling for the type of task, country, model choice, and language. Learning curve: early adopters with high-skill tasks are pulling ahead, while later, less technical adopters aren’t catching up as fast. This might be a channel for skill-biased technological change — the people who benefit most from AI are those who already had advantages. Combined with the finding that global usage inequality is actually increasing (the Gini across countries rose from 0.46 to 0.50), AI might widens existing economic gaps rather than closing them. And Anthropic opensourced the data in HuggingFace! Cheers.

Spring should be Mozart’s season! Or, as my friend put it [I’m sorry that] I hate mozart. Mozart is like vegetables… Fine, it’s like that for musicians. This is the 3rd movement of Mozart’s famous K299 — the flute & harp concerto. Its 2nd movement is arguably (fine, one of) the most iconic piece in ALL of classical repertoire. See Valeri’s (oscar winning) reaction — “an absolute beauty”: ...

Happy April 1st! The University of Breslau awarded Brahms an honorary PhD degree, in return, Brahms composed a ceremonial orchestra piece. Brahms himself has never been to college. But when he was 20, he joined his violinist friend Joseph Joachim for a few weeks to experience university life in Göttingen, in summer. As we’ll hear in the Academic Festival Overture that Brahms composed 27 years later, imagining and recaping his college life memory: it’s all fun student activities — reading, drinking alcohol and debting. He must have never had to complete any problem set: ...

March 31 Chaofan Shou @Fried_rice on twitter found a glitch that leaks Claude code’s source code (500k rows of code!). It’s now available on GitHub https://github.com/zackautocracy/claude-code.git: Chaofan Shou is a web engineer in california. he is a really impressive coder. See this article: the guy who found the Claude Code glitch… Turns out when Anthropic released its recent Claude Code version, the source map debug files are also packaged for release. The source map contains address of the Claude Code Source Code with which outsider can access and download Anthropic’s source code zip stored on their Cloud. ...

More or less competition? THE WASHINGTON POST: New York might experiment with city-run grocery stores. How do they work? July 16, Jaclyn Peiser “the city would run a pilot project to set up a network of stores, one in each of the five boroughs, with a subsidy of $60 million. These stores would also be strategically located in “food deserts” so that communities with few grocery options have more choice, especially for fresh and healthy food.” ...