Article 35 DMA requires the Commission to submit an annual report on the implementation of the DMA and the progress made towards achieving its objectives. DMA Annual Report 2023 DMA Annual Report 2024 DMA Annual Report 2025
Here’s a short reading note that I outlined some economically interesting points:
Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer, and this post is not legal advice. These are my personal reading notes on the EU Digital Markets Act — it’s for academic purposes only, and all mistakes are my own. Readers should consult the official legal text and, where necessary, a qualified lawyer for legal advice. Related: notes on The EU Digital Markets Act: A Report from a Panel of Economic Experts (February 9, 2021). Reading Notes of the EU’s Digital Market Act The gatekeeper are dynamically targeted In 2023, the Commission designated the first six gatekeepers: Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, and Microsoft, covering 22 core platform services. Samsung was not designated for its browser. Some services escaped designation after rebuttals, including Gmail, Outlook, iMessage, Bing, Edge, and Microsoft Advertising. In 2024, the map expanded. Booking was added for Booking.com, and Apple iPadOS was added as a core platform service. By the end of 2024, the regime covered seven gatekeepers and 24 core platform services. In 2025, the map became dynamic. Meta Marketplace was removed after Meta changed the service so that it no longer met the business-user threshold. By year-end, seven gatekeepers remained under supervision, covering 23 core platform services. Compliance moved inside the firm: gatekeepers now have to submit compliance reports, audited consumer-profiling reports, appoint independent compliance officers, attend workshops, answer information requests, and keep documents for enforcement review. In 2024, the Commission reviewed compliance reports, held workshops, met gatekeepers and third parties, and issued document-retention orders to six gatekeepers.
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